Docker的镜像操作

本文最后更新于 2024年12月8日

从镜像仓库中拉取镜像时,需要科学上网访问DockerHub

1.镜像

镜像是一种轻量级,可执行的独立软件包,用来打包软件运行环境和基于运行环境开发的软件,它包含运行某个软件所需的所有内容,包括代码,运行时,库,环境变量和配置文件。

2.常见镜像操作

1.列出本地所有镜像

docker images
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
redis                    7.0.11              4695a05c473a        16 months ago       130MB
nacos/nacos-server       v2.2.3              17169ab516b8        17 months ago       814MB
sonatype/nexus3          3.54.1              9dcc5d2a8db6        18 months ago       550MB
mysql                    8.0.31              c2c2eba5ae85        2 years ago         535MB
gitlab/gitlab-ce         latest              46cd6954564a        2 years ago         2.36GB
adolfintel/speedtest     latest              1bb6f28b9d23        2 years ago         439MB
prom/prometheus          latest              a3d385fc29f9        2 years ago         201MB
grafana/grafana          latest              9b957e098315        2 years ago         275MB
portainer/portainer-ce   latest              0df02179156a        2 years ago         273MB
mysql                    5.7                 db39680b63ac        4 years ago         437MB
kibana                   7.4.2               230d3ded1abc        5 years ago         1.1GB
elasticsearch            7.4.2               b1179d41a7b4        5 years ago         855MB

各列含义

  • REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
  • TAG 镜像的标签
  • IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
  • CREATED 镜像的创建时间
  • SIZE 镜像大小

2.列出本地所有镜像(含中间镜像层)

docker images -a 
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
redis                    7.0.11              4695a05c473a        16 months ago       130MB
nacos/nacos-server       v2.2.3              17169ab516b8        17 months ago       814MB
sonatype/nexus3          3.54.1              9dcc5d2a8db6        18 months ago       550MB
mysql                    8.0.31              c2c2eba5ae85        2 years ago         535MB
gitlab/gitlab-ce         latest              46cd6954564a        2 years ago         2.36GB
adolfintel/speedtest     latest              1bb6f28b9d23        2 years ago         439MB
prom/prometheus          latest              a3d385fc29f9        2 years ago         201MB
grafana/grafana          latest              9b957e098315        2 years ago         275MB
portainer/portainer-ce   latest              0df02179156a        2 years ago         273MB
mysql                    5.7                 db39680b63ac        4 years ago         437MB
kibana                   7.4.2               230d3ded1abc        5 years ago         1.1GB
elasticsearch            7.4.2               b1179d41a7b4        5 years ago         855MB

3.显示所有镜像ID

docker images -q
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -q
4695a05c473a
17169ab516b8
9dcc5d2a8db6
c2c2eba5ae85
46cd6954564a
1bb6f28b9d23
a3d385fc29f9
9b957e098315
0df02179156a
db39680b63ac
230d3ded1abc
b1179d41a7b4

4.摘要信息

docker images --digests 
[root@localhost ~]# docker images --digests
REPOSITORY               TAG                 DIGEST                                                                    IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
redis                    7.0.11              sha256:1008c73f08e9f913868e2fa2e843212b62ea5bf3c66435d87bc7a6207bc0f1b4   4695a05c473a        16 months ago       130MB
nacos/nacos-server       v2.2.3              sha256:cd7aa1cda9c639fbf6791d4bfea11a2596be18cc0d7f86f62ebd168076dd10c5   17169ab516b8        17 months ago       814MB
sonatype/nexus3          3.54.1              sha256:d1d3bd124102e98e2e2ab8aec865b7c5f2d34205e5487bac5e9cadb8b64363ae   9dcc5d2a8db6        18 months ago       550MB
mysql                    8.0.31              sha256:d4055451e7f42869e64089a60d1abc9e66eccde2910629f0dd666b53a5f230d8   c2c2eba5ae85        2 years ago         535MB
gitlab/gitlab-ce         latest              sha256:5a0b03f09ab2f2634ecc6bfeb41521d19329cf4c9bbf330227117c048e7b5163   46cd6954564a        2 years ago         2.36GB
adolfintel/speedtest     latest              sha256:9716783d60e87a25e916869a73f0d2ccdc9d579e19820df6c98ef58052aca9c4   1bb6f28b9d23        2 years ago         439MB
prom/prometheus          latest              sha256:cb9817249c346d6cfadebe383ed3b3cd4c540f623db40c4ca00da2ada45259bb   a3d385fc29f9        2 years ago         201MB
grafana/grafana          latest              sha256:18d94ae734accd66bccf22daed7bdb20c6b99aa0f2c687eea3ce4275fe275062   9b957e098315        2 years ago         275MB
portainer/portainer-ce   latest              sha256:4f126c5114b63e9d1bceb4b368944d14323329a9a0d4e7bb7eb53c9b7435d498   0df02179156a        2 years ago         273MB
mysql                    5.7                 sha256:b38555e593300df225daea22aeb104eed79fc80d2f064fde1e16e1804d00d0fc   db39680b63ac        4 years ago         437MB
kibana                   7.4.2               sha256:355f9c979dc9cdac3ff9a75a817b8b7660575e492bf7dbe796e705168f167efc   230d3ded1abc        5 years ago         1.1GB
elasticsearch            7.4.2               sha256:543bf7a3d61781bad337d31e6cc5895f16b55aed4da48f40c346352420927f74   b1179d41a7b4        5 years ago         855MB

5.不截取

docker images --no-trunc
[root@localhost ~]# docker images --no-trunc
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID                                                                  CREATED             SIZE
redis                    7.0.11              sha256:4695a05c473aa2db2dff0384abb06c2174832183ca0783d0a2720a922792add6   16 months ago       130MB
nacos/nacos-server       v2.2.3              sha256:17169ab516b8dcbd1b79448471545063f827bca0cec8054101970d9d8e9cbb55   17 months ago       814MB
sonatype/nexus3          3.54.1              sha256:9dcc5d2a8db635dab8c98eec3bd1a10ae7deabfa0a6e73f51087ba09b0972961   18 months ago       550MB
mysql                    8.0.31              sha256:c2c2eba5ae857a8ab9bffd11c5f15ed693dc65ac035948696f370f2895ae3062   2 years ago         535MB
gitlab/gitlab-ce         latest              sha256:46cd6954564a5a4ba6edd0cb19f6e0594d8a84c9d4a10a49f5f2caa485981fe8   2 years ago         2.36GB
adolfintel/speedtest     latest              sha256:1bb6f28b9d2386924b3d69790f59097680d0721afdb9b8f277201d314f8c583e   2 years ago         439MB
prom/prometheus          latest              sha256:a3d385fc29f926eed67f0d60ffaf72d199f3f9c24af5d55cd1802f2dc1dc9b4b   2 years ago         201MB
grafana/grafana          latest              sha256:9b957e098315598ae58c7a62bcc140ed086bbe619b38c31a52b21abbd5eb21e2   2 years ago         275MB
portainer/portainer-ce   latest              sha256:0df02179156afbf727443d0be50e8b9cdab8c044050691517539cea2e3ed01fd   2 years ago         273MB
mysql                    5.7                 sha256:db39680b63ac47a1d989da7b742f7b382af34d85a68214f8977bad59c05901a6   4 years ago         437MB
kibana                   7.4.2               sha256:230d3ded1abc1468536e41d80a9cc6a67908358c0e4ebf065c29b8ef0370ba4b   5 years ago         1.1GB
elasticsearch            7.4.2               sha256:b1179d41a7b42f921f8ea0c5fa319c8aac4a3083dd733494170428917007e55f   5 years ago         855MB

6.搜索镜像

docker search jenkins
[root@localhost ~]# docker search jenkins
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
jenkins                            DEPRECATED; use "jenkins/jenkins:lts" instead   5696                [OK]                
jenkins/jenkins                    The leading open source automation server       4049                                    
jenkins/jnlp-slave                 a Jenkins agent which can connect to Jenkins…   157                                     [OK]
jenkins/inbound-agent              This is an image for Jenkins agents using TC…   138                                     
jenkins/agent                      This is a base image, which provides the Jen…   71                                      
jenkins/ssh-agent                  Docker image for Jenkins agents connected ov…   60                                      
jenkins/slave                      base image for a Jenkins Agent, which includ…   49                                      [OK]
jenkins/ssh-slave                  A Jenkins slave using SSH to establish conne…   41                                      [OK]
jenkins/jnlp-agent-maven           A JNLP-based agent with Maven 3 built in        10                                      
jenkins/jnlp-agent-docker                                                          10                                      
jenkins/evergreen                  An automatically self-updating Jenkins distr…   5                                       
jenkins/pct                        Plugin Compat Tester - no longer published a…   5                                       [OK]
jenkins/jenkinsfile-runner         Jenkinsfile Runner packages                     3                                       
jenkins/jnlp-agent-python          A JNLP-based agent with Python built in         3                                       
jenkins/jnlp-agent-python3                                                         3                                       
jenkins/jenkins-experimental       Experimental images of Jenkins. These images…   3                                       [OK]
jenkins/jnlp-agent-coresdk                                                         2                                       
jenkins/jnlp-agent-alpine                                                          2                                       
jenkins/ath                        Jenkins Acceptance Test Harness                 1                                       [OK]
jenkins/remoting-kafka-agent       Remoting Kafka Agent                            1                                       [OK]
jenkins/core-pr-tester             Docker image for testing pull-requests sent …   1                                       
jenkins/jnlp-agent-node                                                            1                                       
jenkins/jnlp-agent-ruby                                                            1                                       
jenkins/core-changelog-generator   Tool for generating Jenkins core changelogs     1                                       
jenkins/custom-war-packager        Custom WAR Packager                             1                                       [OK]

7.搜索star数目不少于多少的镜像

docker search --filter=stars=3  jenkins
[root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=3  jenkins
NAME                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
jenkins                        DEPRECATED; use "jenkins/jenkins:lts" instead   5696                [OK]                
jenkins/jenkins                The leading open source automation server       4049                                    
jenkins/jnlp-slave             a Jenkins agent which can connect to Jenkins…   157                                     [OK]
jenkins/inbound-agent          This is an image for Jenkins agents using TC…   138                                     
jenkins/agent                  This is a base image, which provides the Jen…   71                                      
jenkins/ssh-agent              Docker image for Jenkins agents connected ov…   60                                      
jenkins/slave                  base image for a Jenkins Agent, which includ…   49                                      [OK]
jenkins/ssh-slave              A Jenkins slave using SSH to establish conne…   41                                      [OK]
jenkins/jnlp-agent-maven       A JNLP-based agent with Maven 3 built in        10                                      
jenkins/jnlp-agent-docker                                                      10                                      
jenkins/pct                    Plugin Compat Tester - no longer published a…   5                                       [OK]
jenkins/evergreen              An automatically self-updating Jenkins distr…   5                                       
jenkins/jnlp-agent-python      A JNLP-based agent with Python built in         3                                       
jenkins/jenkins-experimental   Experimental images of Jenkins. These images…   3                                       [OK]
jenkins/jenkinsfile-runner     Jenkinsfile Runner packages                     3                                       
jenkins/jnlp-agent-python3                                                     3                                       

8.只列出自动构建类型的镜像

docker search --filter=is-automated=true  jenkins
[root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=is-automated=true  jenkins
NAME                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
jenkins/jnlp-slave             a Jenkins agent which can connect to Jenkins…   157                                     [OK]
jenkins/slave                  base image for a Jenkins Agent, which includ…   49                                      [OK]
jenkins/ssh-slave              A Jenkins slave using SSH to establish conne…   41                                      [OK]
jenkins/pct                    Plugin Compat Tester - no longer published a…   5                                       [OK]
jenkins/jenkins-experimental   Experimental images of Jenkins. These images…   3                                       [OK]
jenkins/ath                    Jenkins Acceptance Test Harness                 1                                       [OK]
jenkins/remoting-kafka-agent   Remoting Kafka Agent                            1                                       [OK]
jenkins/custom-war-packager    Custom WAR Packager                             1                                       [OK]

9.拉取镜像

从远程仓库拉取一个镜像,版本号不写默认是last

docker pull  名称:版本
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
afad30e59d72: Pull complete 
918d361e6529: Pull complete 
cf4dd2a7e40b: Pull complete 
d152af7a0148: Pull complete 
a5d7958ebd69: Pull complete 
409b41a58ed4: Pull complete 
4f4fb700ef54: Pull complete 
9eabaa92f491: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:2ade2b0a424a446601688adc36c4dc568dfe5198f75c99c93352c412186ba3c9
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest

10.删除镜像

删除镜像

版本号不写默认是last

docker rmi  名称:版本
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi tomcat
Untagged: tomcat:latest
Untagged: tomcat@sha256:2ade2b0a424a446601688adc36c4dc568dfe5198f75c99c93352c412186ba3c9
Deleted: sha256:f77539e7e45f7c6337c681589fe18ee6407640e4066c450fcfb8c6a4ba5575b2
Deleted: sha256:ec216f70111f7e403bf2dd00786888a33e31e0b7d40b7a6963c413312b916a72
Deleted: sha256:0269bb8ab7750b1ccbbcee578df3af6edcba46c367891e319e3b874366c91b2e
Deleted: sha256:5ff949a6a98fa0b9294d5feab73bc2bd31947ecdf546d426d49401a5a5d8b9f4
Deleted: sha256:5e4268f1622d7392ab023aa0c458ee836bda8833e0b0f9d6b3333fff071bb761
Deleted: sha256:f9d1f11193bf543add78ce5660c14322fe3e03e957e07e2f6c4bbc3483fa2201
Deleted: sha256:5e2c15d15d3c100456584750cce4319bb58c9360f5dc2aa80a6ab92cf9910184
Deleted: sha256:ddf4cde2ad1fd66d3c8ea0d44fbd044cfa2928439880d5df6478af4f86e8efef
Deleted: sha256:958ed2862447477e5282173a7b21fbf9a5c83b8452b6e808f654fcea08613454
Deleted: sha256:27123a71e85e0540333291adccf7b9c340d089e8c3717c380d3b75cc8c7df90f

强制删除 

docker rmi  -f  镜像ID

删除全部

docker rmi  -f  $(docker images -qa)	

删除多个

docker rmi  -f  镜像名1:tag 镜像名2:tag	

11.查看镜像/容器/数据卷所占空间

docker system df
[root@localhost ~]# docker system df 
TYPE                TOTAL               ACTIVE              SIZE                RECLAIMABLE
Images              12                  11                  7.769GB             737.3MB (9%)
Containers          13                  1                   461MB               461MB (100%)
Local Volumes       9                   5                   710.5MB             501.2MB (70%)
Build Cache         0                   0                   0B                  0B

Docker的镜像操作
https://blog.liuzijian.com/post/5a7cf237-f71d-6877-1e4d-b084f15e10e3.html
作者
Liu Zijian
发布于
2023年11月17日
更新于
2024年12月8日
许可协议